Everything about Tissue Transglutaminase totally explained
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| PDB =
| Name = Transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)
| HGNCid = 11778
| Symbol = TGM2
| AltSymbols =; TG2; TGC
| OMIM = 190196
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.13
| Homologene = 3391
| MGIid = 98731
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TGM2_201042_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_TGM2_211003_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_TGM2_211573_x_at_tn.png
| Function =
| Component =
| Process =
| Orthologs =
}}
{
Tissue transglutaminase (abbreviated as
TG2 or
tTG) is an
enzyme of the
transglutaminase family. Like other transglutaminases, it crosslinks
proteins between an ε-
amino group of a lysine residue and a γ-carboxamide group of
glutamine residue, creating an inter- or intramolecular bond that's highly resistant to
proteolysis (protein degradation). It is particularly notable for being the
autoantigen in
coeliac disease, but is also known to play a role in
apoptosis,
cellular differentiation and
matrix stabilisation.
Genetics
The human tTG gene is located on the
20th chromosome (20q11.2-q12).
Physiology
tTG is expressed ubiquitously. It requires
calcium as a cofactor for transamidation activity. Transcription is increased by
retinoic acid. Amongst its many supposed functions, it appears to play a role in
wound healing,
apoptosis and
extracellular matrix development Beside its transglutaminase activity, TG2 is proposed to also act as kinase, and protein disulfide isomerase, and deamidase. This latter activity is important in the deamidation of gliadin peptides thus playing important role in the pathology of
coeliac disease.
Role in disease
Tissue transglutaminase is best known for its link with
coeliac disease.
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) result in a form of
gluten sensitivity in which a cellular response to
Triticeae glutens that are crosslinked to tTG are able to stimulate transglutaminase specific
B-cell responses that eventually result in the production of ATA IgA and IgG.
Recent studies suggest that tTG plays a role in
inflammation, degenerative diseases and tumor biology.
Therapeutic use
Use of tTG as a form of surgical glue is still experimental. It is also being studied as an attenuator of
metastasis in certain tumors.
[Further Information]
Get more info on 'Tissue Transglutaminase'.
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